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Glossary of Popular Construction Terms

A

Acoustical Tile
Special tile for walls and ceilings made of mineral,wood, vegetable fibers, cork, or metal. Its purpose is to control sound volume,while providing cover.
Adhesive-Backed Foam Tap
Installed by pressing into position and sticking permanently. Requires no nails or tools.  Available in different types.
Adjustable Wrench
Comes in two styles: locking and non-locking. Non-locking styles feature an adjustable end opening with little provision made for slippage. The locking style also has an adjustable head, but uses a locking mechanism to secure jaws in desired  position, eliminating the need for constant readjustment. When properly adjusted to a nut or bolt, it will not slip.
Acoustical Tile
Special tile for walls and ceilings made of mineral,wood, vegetable fibers, cork, or metal. Its purpose is to control sound volume,while providing cover.
Adhesive-Backed Foam Tape
Installed by pressing into position and sticking permanently. Requires no nails or tools. Available in different types.
Adjustable Wrench
Comes in two styles: locking and non-locking. Non-locking styles feature an adjustable end opening with little provision made for slippage. The locking style also has an adjustable head, but uses a locking mechanism to secure jaws in desired position, eliminating the need for constant readjustment. When properly adjusted to a nut or bolt, it will not slip.
Air Duct
Pipes that carry warm air and cold air to rooms and back to furnace or air conditioning system.
Ampere
The rate of flow of electricity through electric wires.
Angle Level
Locates angles and pitches (slopes) from 0 to 90 degrees. It is commonly used when installing drain lines to check for proper fall of pipe and generally reads slope or pitch with inches per foot rise scale.
Angle Vise
Contains marked adjustments to permit clamping at different angles. It can also be adjusted to a flat position and used as a regular vise.
Apron
A paved area, such as the juncture of a driveway with the street or with a garage entrance.
Arc Fault Circuit Interrupter
An arc fault occurs when the insulation surrounding wire and cable is damaged or deteriorates. The arc fault can flare at temperatures in excess of 10,000ºF and ignite surrounding combustible material. Standard circuit breakers do not respond quickly enough to arc faults. An arc fault circuit interrupter (AFCI) recognizes an arcing fault and acts instantly.
Aviation Snips
Also called compound leverage snips. Cuts easier because of double fulcrum, compound leverage action.
Awning Window
Has a single sash hinged at the top. Opens at the bottom with a hand-turned crank.

B

Backfill
The gravel or earth replaced in the space around a building wall after foundations are in place.
Backsaw
Is a thick-bladed saw with a stiff, reinforced back to provide the rigidity necessary in precision cutting. It varies in length from 10" to 30" and is found in tooth counts from seven to 14 teeth per inch.  It is also used with miter boxes to cut miters.
Balusters
Upright supports of a balustrade rail.
Balustrade
A row of balusters topped by a rail, edging a balcony or a staircase.
Bar Clamp
Has a clamping device built on a flat bar, which is usually made of steel. The length of the bar determines the capacity of the clamp, which is the dimension of the largest object that can be accommodated between its clamping jaws.
Barrel Bolt
A sliding lock mechanism used to provide security for average weight doors and windows. It is surface mounted where the bolt slides into a catch on the other side of the door.
Baseboard
A board along the floor against walls and partitions to hid gaps.
Batt
Insulation in the form of a blanket, rather than loose filling.
Batten
Small thin strips covering joints between wider boards on exterior building surfaces.
Bay Window
A bay window is made of three windows: one large unit in the middle and two flanking windows that are usually placed at 30- to 45-degree angles.
Beam
One of the principal horizontal wood or steel members of a building.
Bearing Wall
A wall that supports a floor or roof of a building.
Bench Band Saw
This saw has a band or loop-like blade that comes in various widths and strengths for different cutting purposes.
Bench Vise
Tool that mounts on a workbench or table to hold work pieces securely in place between two flat jaws.
Bib or Bibcock
A water faucet to which a hose may be attached, also called a hose bib or sill cock.
Bleeding
Seeping of resin or gum from lumber. This term is also used in referring to the process of drawing air from water pipes.
Bolt Cutters
Heavy-duty cutters that cut bolts, threaded rods, cables and other metals from 1/16" to 5/8" thick. The longer cutters have greater strength.
Bow Window
A bow window is made of four or more windows that, all together, form a shape that curves outward. It looks like a bay window, but is free of sharp angles.
Box (Box-End) Wrench
Has enclosed head and provides more leverage by completely enclosing the nut. Some are offset to provide knuckle room and clearance over obstructions.
Box-Joint Pliers
General utility tool with up to eight adjustments, allowing for jaw openings up to 4-1/2". Either multiple hole or tongue-and-groove designs available.
Box Nail
Lighter and smaller than common nails with a larger head. Used for framing and applications where shifting is minimal, such as nailing subfloor to floor joists and attaching roof base to rafters.
Bow Saw
Consists of a tubular steel frame and a saw blade for fast cutting of all woods. The bow saw's frame is important, since the thin blade, usually 3/4" wide, must be held under high tension for fast cutting. The advantages of this general-purpose saw are its all-around utility and light weight.
Brace
A piece of wood or other material used to form a triangle and stiffen some part of a structure.
Braced Framing
Construction technique using posts and cross-bracing for greater rigidity.
Bricklayer's Hammer
Used for setting or splitting bricks, and chipping mortar from bricks. It features a curved, chisel-like pick and a small, square striking surface.
Brick Veneer
Brick used as the outer surface of a framed wall.
Bridging
Small wood or metal pieces placed diagonally between floor joists.
Building Paper
Heavy paper used in walls or roofs to damp-proof.
Built-Up Roof
A roofing material applied in sealed, waterproof layers, where there is only a slight slope to the roof.
Butt Hinge
Fits between the butt of the door and the frame and only the hinge pin is exposed on the inside of the door.
Butt Joint
Joining point of two pieces of wood or molding.
Bx Cable
Electricity cable wrapped in rubber with a flexible steel outer covering.

C

Cabinet Slotted Tip Screwdriver
Similar to standard slotted, but tip is straight and has no flare. For use with small screws and countersinking screws where regular tips with a flare would mar the wood or material on the side
Cable
Refers to a collection of two or more strands of wire or conductors. Basically, cable has a “hot” line to carry the current and a “neutral” line to complete the loop. They often have a third wire as that acts as a grounding wire.
Calipers
A Tool consisting of two curved pieces of metal that are joined at one end with a pivot that has a screw to adjust the distance between the two pieces. It is used for transferring measurements from a model or prototype to a part being produced.
Cantilever
A projecting beam or joist,not supported at one end, used to support an extension of a structure.
Capped Nail
Has a plastic or metal flat cap at the head. Used for installing foam insulation to exterior surfaces. Some types are made for hammering into masonry as well.
Carpenter's Level
Tool that employs bubble vials positioned in the center and both ends to check vertical and horizontal surfaces for level or plumb.
Carpet Padding
Installed underneath the carpet. Prolongs the life of the carpet and adds to comfort. Usually made from felted cushion, urethane, foam rubber or sponge rubber.
Carriage
The member which supports the steps or treads of a stair.
Carriage Bolt
Has a square shoulder under the head that pulls into soft materials such as wood and prevents the bolt from turning while the nut is tightened. It also has coarse, partial threads and a smooth, rounded head.
Cartridge Fuse
Cartridge fuses for circuits above 60 amps are also known as knife-blade cartridges. They look like rifle cartridges with metal caps and blades sticking out of each end. Cartridges fuses for circuits 60 amps or less are also known as ferrule contact or round cartridge fuses. They look like rifle cartridges with plain, capped ends. Used in high-current applications, such as in the main service box and in clamp- or bar-type fuse boxes that serve electric ranges, water heaters, clothes dryers and air conditioners.
Casement
A window sash that opens on hinges at the vertical edge.
Casing
Door and window framing.
Casing Nail
Similar in appearance to a finishing nail, but is thicker and has a flat head. Used to secure case molding.
Caulking Cord
Temporarily fills large gaps around windows. Consists of soft, rope-like strands of weather strip with the consistency of modeling clay.
Cavity Wall
A hollow wall formed by firmly linked masonry walls, providing an insulating air space between.
C-Clamp
The most common type of clamp—consists of a C-shaped frame, made of either forged steel or cast iron, into which an adjustable screw is assembled to change the jaw opening.
Ceiling Box
Also known as a junction box or splice box. Used to anchor ceiling fixtures and serves as a junction box where wires can meet and run to other areas of the room.
Chain Wrench
A Pipe wrench used for tightening and loosening odd-shaped objects, such as pipes and square objects. It has an adjustable chain that wraps around the object, with ends that connect teeth of chain to engage and turn the object.
Chimney Cap
Concrete capping around the top of chimney bricks and around the floors to protect the masonry from the elements.
Chair Rail
Wooden molding on a wall around a room at the level of a chair back.
Chamfered Edge
Molding with pared-off corners.
Chase
A groove in a masonry wall or through a floor to accommodate pipes or ducts.
Chimney Breast
The horizontal projection-usually inside a building-of a chimney from the wall in which it is built.
Circuit Breaker
A safety device which opens(breaks) an electric circuit automatically when it becomes overloaded.
Circuit Tester
Also known as a test lamp, a voltage tester, a neon tester or a test light. Used to determine if there is electricity running through a circuit or if it is properly grounded.
Circular Level
Circular in shape, this tool is used for leveling flat surfaces over a 360 degree plane, such as table tops and appliances. Also called Bull’s Eye or Surface Level.
Cistern
A tank to catch and store rain water.
Clapboard
A long thin board, thicker on one edge, overlapped and nailed on for exterior siding.
Collar Beam
A horizontal beam fastened above the lower ends of rafters to add rigidity.
Clay Tile
A roofing material known for its durability, as it can last up to 50 years. May be flat or rounded in shape, and may even have a glossy surface.
Clutch-Head Screwdriver
The tip has four points of contact and will lock into the screw head when turned counter-clock-wise. Because of the many contact points, the tip will not damage the screw head under high torque situations.
Cold Chisel
A cold chisel should be used only for cutting and chipping cold metal (unhardened steel, cast and wrought iron, aluminum, brass and copper), never masonry.
Combination Snips
More versatile than regular snips. These snips are used for straight and moderately irregular cuts in either direction and ranges in size from 7” to 16” in length.
Combination Square
Has a grooved blade and head that can be adjusted (by loosening the thumbscrew) to many locations along the 12” blade to provide different measurements and for scribing. One edge of the head has a 90-degree fence for crosscutting while the other has a 45-degree angle for use as a miter square.
Combination Wrench
Has a box and an open end on opposite sides of the same wrench. Both ends are usually the same size. Used for working on machinery and is the most popular of all fixed-end wrench styles.Also available is a reversible ratcheting combination wrench that allows the user to quickly tighten nuts and bolts without lifting the wrench off and repositioning it after each rotation.
Common Nail
Used in general carpentry and wood framing typically used with harder woods. Applications include house foundation, floor joists, rafters and internal studding.
Compact Fluorescent Bulb
Compact fluorescent bulbs offer different style and performance from standard fluorescent bulbs. Their color nearly equals that of Soft White incandescents, and they offer superior energy efficiency and long life.
Compass or Keyhole Saw
Cuts curved or straight-sided holes. The saw blades are narrow and tapered nearly to a point to fit into most spaces. Keyhole saws are small compass saws with finer teeth that can cut metal.
Compound Miter Saw
Uses a circular blade that is pivoted to the correct angle then dropped onto the material, which is clamped stationary on a plate. In addition to a simple pivot action, the blade tilts to make compound cuts.
Conduit Connector
Used to connect lengths of conduit. Can make straight or bent connections.
Conduit Fasteners
Used to fasten conduit to a wall or other framing member.
Connector
It has slots or openings on the inside designed to receive male receptacles or plugs.
Continuous Hinge
Also called piano hinges. Comes in sizes up to 72” long and is made to fit along the entire length of the door.
Contractor Table Saw
This saw is bulky and originally intended only for temporary use at a job site. It has a circular saw blade extending up through a slot on a flat table. Motor and drive mechanism is located under the table.
Coping
Tile or brick used to cap or cover the top of a masonry wall.
Coping Saw
Used for cutting irregular shapes, curves and intricate decorative patterns. The saw consists of a thin blade and a C-shaped steel tension frame.
Corbel
A horizontal projection from a wall, forming a ledge or supporting a structure above it.
Corner Bead
A strip of wood or metal for protecting the external corners of plastered walls.
Corner Clamp
Designed to hold miter or butt joints at a 90º angle. They can be used for gluing picture frames, cabinets, molding and trim.
Cornice
Horizontal projection at the top of a wall or under the overhanging part of the roof.
Cotter Pin
Versatile fastening device that is made of ferrous and nonferrous wire. The are inserted into a hole in a bolt, shaft or similar part. An eye on one end prevents the pin from going through while prongs at the other end are bent back to lock the pin in place.
Course
A horizontal row of bricks,cinder blocks or other masonry materials.
Cove Lighting
Concealed light sources behind a cornice or horizontal recess which direct the light upon a reflecting ceiling.
Crawl Space
A shallow, unfinished space beneath the first floor of a house which has no basement, used for visual inspection and access to pipes and ducts. Also, a shallow space in the attic,immediately under the roof.
Crimping Pliers
Multi-purpose electrician's pliers to crimp solderless connectors, strip most common gauge wire, cut and hold or bend wire. They also have sheaving holes that cut common sizes of screws without deforming threads.
Cripples
Cut-off framing members above and below windows.
Crosscut Saw
Designed for cutting across wood grain and produces a smoother cut than rip saws. The best cutting angle for this saw is about 45º.
Cut Flooring Nail
Has a blunt tip to prevent splitting of flooring and is used to attach wood to concrete.
Cutting Pliers
Comes in side, end or diagonal types. Side cutters have a cutting blade on one side only and are available in long-, curved- and short-nose types. End cutting nippers have cutting blades on the end and are used to make sharp, clean cuts close to the surface on wires, bolts and rivets.  Diagonal cutters have two cutting blades set diagonally to the handle. They offer leverage when pulling cotter pins and are used by mechanics and electricians for general cutting.

D

Delayed Action Switch
keeps the circuit open for a few minutes after the switch is turned off. A good use is in a garage where, after the user turns off the switch, it allows the light to remain on in time exit.
Dial Calipers
A Tool used for measuring inside and outside diameters of cylinder-shaped objects, such as drill bits and pipe. The dial readout provides accurate measurements in 1/64” or .01”.
Dimmer Switch
Controls the amount of current in a light circuit and allows for varying levels of light.
Door Buck
The rough frame of a door.
Door Jamb Weather Strip
Used to seal the sides and top of a door to shut out drafts and insects. Available in a variety of forms, including roll-formed and extruded aluminum with vinyl bulbs or flaps.
Door Shoe
Made of extruded aluminum and vinyl. Attached to the bottom of a door to help form a seal between the door and the threshold.Used primarily in conjunction with a smooth top aluminum threshold to form a proper seal.
Door Sweep
Seals the bottom of an exterior door, preventing drafts, water, noise, light and insects. Usually made of aluminum extrusions with vinyl flaps.
Downspout
Attaches to the gutter to carry water down the side of the house.
Dormer
The projecting frame of a recess in a sloping roof.
Double Glazing
An insulating window paneformed of two thicknesses of glass with a sealed air space between them.
Double Hung Windows
Windows with an upper and lower sash, each supported by cords and weights.
Double-Pole Switch
Controls power to lights and devices by turning off the hot side of the circuit. Mounted in an electrical box. Has four brass terminal screws.
Dovetail Saw
Similar to a backsaw, with stiff reinforced back, only smaller with finer teeth. It is Used for fine finish cuts, such as cutting dovetail joints in woodworking. Also a common saw for trimming molding and furniture repair, as well as cutting plastics and laminates.
Dowel Screw
The screw is threaded on both ends and is used or assembling pieces of furniture end to end.
Downspout Leader
Downspout A spout or pipe to carry rain water down from a roof or gutters
Drill Press
Used for boring holes in precise, repetitive cuts. With the appropriate accessories, the drill press can also shape, carve, sand, grind, buff and polish.
Drill Press Vise
Great for holding work piece still when drilling, tapping and reaming on a drill press. Most models have grooves machined on both sides for mounting to machine table.
Drip
The projecting part of a cornice which sheds rain water.
Drip Edge
L-shaped weather-resistant metal.Installed at exposed roof edges (eaves) to help shed water and to protect the roof’s wood parts.
Drive Anchor
Made of high-strength spring steel or of aluminum with a stainless steel pin for use in hard materials. The anchor is driven into a hole where it is compressed and forced against the walls of the hole.
Drop-In Anchor
Expandable concrete anchors  are set in pre-drilled holes and accepts standard coarse thread bolts or threaded rod. Drop-in style anchors do not require patching after sinking.
Dry Wall
A wall surface of plasterboard or material other than plaster.
Drywall/Deck Screw
Used when installing drywall or decking material and is coated to prevent rust.
Drywall Hammer
Used to score, sheet and set nails for drywall work. It features a scored head and a notched blade instead of a claw and the notch in the blade is used to remove exposed nails. </p>
Drywall Nail
Ring-shanked nail used for attaching sheets of drywall gypsum board to interior wood wall studs. The flat, slightly countersunk head permits driving just below the surface, forming a depression that can be covered with drywall joint compound or spackling.
Drywall Saw
Resembles a kitchen knife in design and is used to cut drywall and plasterboard in the same fashion as a keyhole saw, such as for sawing holes for electric outlets and switchplates. The saw is self-starting with a sharp point for plunge cuts.
Drywall Square
Useful tool for measuring and marking 4’x8’ sheets of drywall, plywood and other 4’x8’ building materials. Often used as a guide to score drywall.
Duckbill Snips
Also called circular snips. These snips feature long nose design and are used for cutting tight circles or other curved designs in either direction.
Duplex Nail
Has a double head to allow for easy removal in temporary construction applications. Used for concrete forming and scaffolding.

E

Eaves
The extension of roofbeyond house walls.
Efflorescence
White powder that forms onthe surface of brick.
Effluent
Treated sewage from aseptic tank or sewage treatment plant.
Edging Clamp
Three-way clamp resembling a C-Clamp with a third screw located in the middle of the throat. It is used to apply pressure at a right angle to the side of the work surface.
Elbow
Diverts the direction of the downspout by 45 degrees
Encapsulated Insulation
Batt and roll insulation encapsulated for easier handling. Encapsulation enables the insulation to breathe and prevents condensation build-up. Easier to handle by reducing dust and other irritants associated with insulation installation.
End Cap
Used to stop a run of gutter
Expansion Shield
Also known as lead shield and is used with lag and machine bolts.

F

Fascia
A flat horizontal member ofa cornice placed in a vertical position.
Felt Paper
Also called building paper.Installed under shingles. Composed of a tough, fibrous base saturated with asphalt.
Fence Pliers
Used to pull and cut staples in fencing and other work involving wire. It is the only tool needed for work on wood or metal posts.
Fiberglass Asphalt Shingle
Has a base mat of glass fibers covered with ceramic-coated mineral granules. Does not absorb water and resists cracking. Features a better fire rating and often has a longer warranty than other types of shingles.
Fill-Type Insulation
Loose insulating materialwhich is applied by hand or blown into wall spaces mechanically.
Finishing Hammer
Used for general carpentry, finishing and cabinet making. The head size is generally between 7 oz. and 16 oz and has a smooth striking face so errant strikes don’t leave marks on the wood.
Finish Nail
Used around windows, finishing areas, trim and paneling where nails cannot show. The small head size allows the nail to be driven beneath the wood surface so the hole can be filled and finished.
Fish Tape
Also known as a snake. Used for pulling the electrical cable or wire through the wall or through electrical conduit.
Flashing
Non-corrosive metal used around angles or junctions in roofs andexterior walls to prevent leaks.
Floor Band Saw
This saw has a band or loop-like blade that comes in various widths and strengths for different cutting purposes. It mounts on the floor and usually has wheels sized from 12” to 36” in the industrial models.
Floor Chisel
Designed to remove flooring material. This chisel has a larger head design, generally 3”,  to increase the striking area.
Flooring Nail
Used for laying tongue-and-groove hardwood flooring and is screw-shanked.
Floor Joists
Framing pieces which reston outer foundation walls and interior beams or girders.
Flue
A passageway in a chimneyfor conveying smoke, gases or fumes to the outside air.
Fluorescent Bulb
Fluorescent bulbs can vary from straight tubes 6" to 96" long to U-shaped tubes and circular tubes. Wattages for home use range from 4 to 75 watts. Features include a long lamp life, relatively low brightness and low heat content and glare, compared with incandescent lamps.
Foam Insulation
Comes in a liquid spray form that quickly foams and hardens.  For use only on closed, properly vented exterior wall cavities. It should be sealed from exposure to the interior with vapor- and fume-resistant paints.
Foam Sealant
Installs similar to foam insulation, but comes in an aerosol can and is best for do-it-yourself use. Best used for permanently sealing irregular gaps around the home. After curing, it can be trimmed, sanded and painted.
Folding Square
Square that conveniently folds for easy storage. Locking mechanism locks tool securely for use. It  marks angles from 0 to 60 degrees and is often used in tiling projects.
Footing
Concrete base on which afoundation sits.
Foundation
Lower parts of walls onwhich the structure is built. Foundation walls of masonry or concrete aremainly below ground level.
Foundation Vent
Used to ventilate basements and crawl spaces. Used with brick, block or frame construction.
Four-Way Switch
Controls power to lights and devices by turning off the hot side of the circuit. Used in connection with three-way switches to control one circuit from three or more points.
Framing
The rough lumber of ahouse-joists, studs, rafters, and beams.
Framing Square
90 degree L-shaped tool made from one piece of material (steel or aluminum), with the long end (blade) usually 24" and the short end (tongue) 16". Also known as carpenter’s or rafter square because this tool is generally used for laying out rafters and marking stair stringers.
Friction Catch
Helps the cabinet door stay shut and operates by pressure of the catch on the strike. The catch mounts on a doorframe, jamb or underside of a shelf while the strike mounts on the door so that upon closing, it is inserted into the catch.
Furring
Thin wood, or metal appliedto a wall to level the surface for lathing, boarding, or plastering, to createan insulating air space, and to damp proof the wall.
Fuse
A short plug in an electricpanel box which opens (breaks) an electrical circuit when it becomesoverloaded.
Fuse Puller
Connects wires with a twisting action.

G

Gable
The triangular part of a wall under the inverted "v" of the roof line.
Gable Vent
Designed to complement most brands of vinyl siding. Features open louvered joints and built-in screens to keep out bugs and birds.
Gambrel Roof
A roof with two pitches,designed to provide more space on upper floors. The roof is steeper on itslower slope and flatter toward the ridge.
Gate Hinge
Consists of an L-shaped screw that screws into the post. The L shape holds a strap that is screwed into the gate.
GFCI Receptacle
Stands for Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter. Used to protect against ground faults, which occur when a person comes into contact with a live electrical wire.
Girder
A main member in a framedfloor supporting the joists which carry the flooring boards. It carries theweight of a floor or partition.
Glazing
Fitting glass into windowsor doors.
Glider Window
Slides horizontally to open. Durable, since the sash is fully supported in the frame.
Grade Line
The point at which theground rests against the foundation wall.
Greenfield Conduit
Also known as flex conduit. A hollow spiral metal jacket that resembles BX cable. Used for installing wiring in the home
Green Lumber
Lumber which has beeninadequately dried and which tends to warp or "bleed" resin.
Grinder
Used to cut and grind metal, concrete and masonry, for sharpening all tools, cutting into corners and tight spots, polishing, buffing and wire brushing.
Grounding Adapter
It allows you to use a plug with three prongs in a receptacle that has only two slots. Cube-shaped plastic or rubber. Has a small U-shaped piece that is to be attached to the screw in the middle of the receptacle.
Grounds
Pieces of wood embedded inplaster of walls to which skirtings are attached. Also wood pieces used to stopthe plaster work around doors and windows.
Gusset
A brace or bracket used tostrengthen a structure.
Gutter
A channel at the eaves forconveying away rain water.

H

Hacksaw
A fine-toothed saw designed to cut metal or plastic. Hacksaws consist of a blade held in a steel frame with relatively high tension to hold the blade rigidly straight. High-tension models (with tension to 32,000 p.s.i.) are also available.
Halogen Bulb
Halogen bulbs produce light by passing current through a coiled tungsten wire. More energy-efficient than standard incandescent bulbs. They generate up to 30 percent more light for the same electricity.
Hand Drilling Hammer
Has short handles and is used for pounding hardened nails into concrete or for using with tools that drive nails and pins into concrete or brick. It's the only hammer to use with star drills, masonry nails, steel chisels and nail pullers.
Handscrew Clamp
Also called a cabinetmaker’s clamp, it consists of two hardwood clamping jaws adjusted to the work by two opposing steel screw spindles assembled into the jaws.
Hardwood
The close-grained wood from broad-leaved trees suchas oak or maple.
Hasp
Consists of a metal hinge and an anchoring bolt so locks can be secured to gates, sheds and garages.
Headers
Double wood pieces supporting joists in a floor ordouble wood members placed on edge over windows and doors to transfer the roofand floor weight to the studs.
Heavy-Wall Conduit
Also known as rigid conduit. Used for carrying wire outdoors and underground.
Heel
The end of a rafter that rests on the wallplate.
Hex-Key Wrench
Hex-key wrenches are short, L-shaped tools designed to turn bolts or screws with hexagonal heads.
Hex Nut Driver
Similar to a screwdriver, but has a tip like a wrench socket.  It is used mainly on small hex nuts and in confined areas such as electronic equipment, car ignitions and plumbing jobs.
High Intensity Discharge Bulb
Used primarily for area and security lighting. They feature a lifespan of 20,000 to 24,000 hours. They come in a variety of shapes and in medium and mogul bases.
Hip Roof
A roof that slants upward on three or foursides.
Hip
The external angle formed by the juncture of twoslopes of a roof.
Hold-Down Clamp
This is the screw portion of a “C” clamp, designed to be secured onto any surface, with the screw used to apply clamping pressure.
Hollow-Core Wood Door
Has wooden or cardboard ribs inside for stability. Primarily used as interior doors, as they will warp or disintegrate from weather.

J

Jalousies
Windows with movable, horizontal glass slats angledto admit-ventilation and keep out rain. This term is also used for outsideshutters of wood constructed in this way.
J-Channel
Used to trim out the ends of siding panels where they meet a door or window. Also used to cover cut edges of panels around windows and under the eaves.
Jamb
An upright surface that lines an opening for a dooror window.
Jeweler's Screwdriver
Has a rotating head that is held by the forefinger to steady the screwdriver while the thumb and middle finger turn the screwdriver to remove or install small screws. Mainly used by jewelers and hobbyists and others who often work with very small screws.
Jointer
Used to smooth the edges of wood and help remove warps. This tool can cut flat surfaces and is often combined with a planer.
Joist
A small rectangular sectional member arrangedparallel from wall to wall in a building, or resting on beams or girders. Theysupport a floor or the laths or furring strips of a ceiling.

K

Kiln-Dried
Artificial drying of lumber, superior to most lumberthat is air dried.
King-Post
The center post of a truss. Large, heavy screws, usedwhere great strength is required, as in heavy framing or when attachingironwork to wood.

L

Lag Screw Shield
Used inside drilled holes to provide anchors in the hole for lag bolts as they are wrenched into the shield.
Lag-Screws or Coach-Screws
Large, heavy screws, usedwhere great strength is required, as in heavy framing or when attachingironwork to wood.
Lally Column
Asteel tube sometimes filled with concrete, used to support girders or otherfloor beams.
Laser Level
Also called laser chalk lines, they are used to level and provide reference lines for hanging pictures, tile work, etc.
Lath
One of a number of thinnarrow strips of wood nailed to rafters, ceiling joists, wall studs, etc. tomake a groundwork or key for slates, tiles, or plastering.
Latch Guard
Used on in-opening doors because it reinforces the door and prevents the spreading of the frame.
LB Fitting
Generally, an LB fitting is placed outside at the point where the conduit leaves the house. Connects at a 90º angle. Has thick gaskets to make it impervious to moisture.
Leaching Bed
Tiles in the trenchescarrying treated wastes from septic tanks.
Ledger
A piece of wood which isattached to a beam to support joists.
Line Level
Used for checking level over distances, such as when installing a patio, floor or a suspended ceiling, and when there is no flat surface available.
Linemen's Pliers
Also called electrician’s pliers. Used by professionals engaged in electrical, communications and construction work. They are used for cutting, holding, shaping and twisting wire.
Line Switch
Used to interrupt the flow of electricity on cords, most often for lamps and appliances.A variety of styles are available, and they can operate with a toggle, rotary or push-button action.
Lintel
The top piece over a dooror window which supports walls above the opening.
Load-Bearing Wall
Astrong wall capable of supporting weight.
Locking Pliers
Adjustable, vise-type locking pliers that can be locked on to a work piece and operate like a clamp. It features an adjustment screw that changes the jaw size to apply the correct clamping pressure.
Locking Wrench
Through a locking action, jaws can be locked in a holding position with pressure up to 1 ton. Available with both curved and straight jaws
Loose-Fill Insulation
Comes compacted in bags and is poured or blown into walls and between joists of the attic floor.
Louver
An opening with horizontalslats to permit passage of air, but excluding rain, sunlight and view.

M

Machine Bolt
Comes with regular, square, hex, button or countersunk heads. The square heads fasten joints and materials where bolt requirements are not too severe. The button heads work best where smooth surfaces are necessary, and use the countersunk heads for flush surfaces.
Machine Screw
Can have round, oval, flat and fillister heads and are intended to be screwed into prethreaded holes in metal. The come in coarse (24 threads per inch) and fine (32 threads per inch) sizes.
Mallet
Has rubber, plastic, wooden or rawhide head and is used to drive chisels or hammer joints together.
Masonry
Walls built by a mason,using brick, stone, tile or similar materials.
Masonry Chisel
Used when cutting masonry, such as concrete block and brick. 
Masonry Nail
Made of hardened and tempered steel and the shank comes round, flat, fluted or square. Often used to fasten framing parts such as sills, furring strips, window and door trim to masonry and concrete.
Measuring Square
A small triangle-shaped square with a flanged edge for butting against the edge of a work piece to draw 90-degree or 45-degree angles. It is also used as a cutting fence for circular power saws.
Metal Roofing
Steel panels designed to cover the roof in place of shingles.Designed with either exposed or hidden fasteners.
Micrometer
A caliper shaped like the letter “P” used for close tolerance work on tools such as drill presses and lathes.These devices can make inside, outside and depth measurements to within .001".
Midget Pliers
Include straight, chain, round, end-cutting, diagonal-cutting and flat-nose pliers in extra-small sizes.They are used by professionals such as electronic technicians who work with small objects in confined areas.
Miter Box
Used to help cut exact angles for wood trim and rafters. The better models provide a mechanism for a backsaw.
Miter Saw
Also known as a chopsaw. Used for making repeated straight or miter cuts and it uses a circular blade that is pivoted to the correct angle, then dropped onto the material, which is clamped stationary on a turntable.
Mitre
Changes the direction of a run of gutter.An outside mitre is used for an inside turn of a gutter. An inside mitre is used for an outside turn of a gutter.
Moisture Barrier
Treated paper or metal thatretards or bars water vapor, used to keep moisture from passing into walls orfloors.
Molding
A strip of decorativematerial having a plane or curved narrow surface prepared for ornamentalapplication. These strips are often used to hide gaps at wall junctures.
Molly Bolt
Also known as an expansion bolt. When the sleeve is inserted into a pre-drilled hole and the screw is turned, the sleeve spreads.
Motion Switch
Turns on the light as you enter the room. Good for both convenience and security.
Mounting Block
Offers a waterproof surface for installing outlets, lighting and plumbing fixtures with new siding. Used with wood, aluminum, vinyl, stucco, brick or shake siding.
Mullion
Slender framing whichdivides the lights or panes of windows.
Multi-Bit Screwdriver
Allows the user to have a number of different types of tips in one tool.  Some models store the interchangeable tips in a self-contained unit.
Multiple Tap
Like the table tap, it plugs into an existing outlet to increase the number of outlets at a location. It typically has four to six plugs.

N

Nail Hammer
Used for general carpentry, household chores and nail pulling, and should be used only with non-hardened, common or finishing nails.
Needle-Nose Pliers
Also called long-nose pliers, they have a pointed nose for doing work in tight places. They are used frequently for electrical and electronics work and mosthave side cutters for cutting wire.
Newel
The upright post or theupright formed by the inner or smaller ends of steps about which steps of acircular staircase wind. In a straight flight staircase, the principal post atthe foot or the secondary post at a landing.
Nosing
The rounded edge of a stairtread.
Nut
Screws onto the threaded end of a bolt to help tighten the bolt.

P

Parging
A rough coat of mortarapplied over a masonry wall as protection or finish; may also serve as a basefor an asphaltic waterproofing compound below grade.
Phillips Tip Screwdriver
Used on cross-slotted screw heads with modified U-shaped slots of uniform width. Sizes range from 0 to 4, with 0 being the smallest.
Photoelectric Switch
operates with a photoelectric cell. It turns off during the day and turns on during the night.
Picture Window
A fixed window. Has no moving parts or sashes and does not open.
Pilaster
A projection or thefoundation wall used to support a floor girder or stiffen the wall.
Pipe Clamp
Can be mounted to standard threaded or unthreaded pipe to clamp boards together while gluing.
Pipe Insulation
For insulating water pipes from freezing in the winter. It also helps control heat loss when pipes carry hot water and controls condensation and dripping.
Pipe (Stillson) Wrench
Screws pipes into elbows or other threaded devices. Jaws actually bite into the surface to hold it for turning. They should never be used on plated pipe installations because they will badly mar the finish.
Pitch
The angle of slope of a roof.
Pitch Gauge
Used to determine the exact thread pitch needed for replacing screws and nuts
Pivot Hinge
Mounts at the top and bottom of the door leaving a small wafer of metal exposed. Commonly used on furniture doors or where doors are intended to be inconspicuous.
Planer
Used to square up, resize or smooth wood in width or thickness. Best for larger flat surfaces.
Plasterboard (See Dry Wall)
Gypsum board, used insteadof plaster.
Plates
Pieces of wood placed onwall surfaces as fastening devices. The bottom member of the wall is the soleplate and the top member is the rafter plate.
Plastic Conduit
Use inside and outside. Best for burying underground as it will not corrode with water.
Plastic Pipe Saw
Designed to cut PVC and ABS plastic, but it can also cut wood and drywall.
Plastic Screw Anchor
Used with wood or sheet metal screws. It is inserted into a pre-drilled hole and then the  screw is driven through the anchor into the wall.
Plenum
A chamber which can serveas a distribution area for heating or cooling systems, generally between afalse ceiling and the actual ceiling.
Plug
Connects to the power supply through the receptacle.
Plug Body
Adapts a light socket for use as a single outlet.
Plug Fuse
Also known as Edison base fuse, plug-in fuse or glass fuse. A safety device that breaks an electrical circuit when it is overloaded.
Plumb Bob
A small, tapered, pointed weight suspended from string or cord used to measure true vertical plumb or depth.
Plywood Saw
Specially designed for sawing plywood, veneers, laminates and moldings. specially designed for sawing plywood, veneers, laminates and moldings.
Pointing
Treatment of joints inmasonry by filling with mortar to improve appearance or protect againstweather.
Post-And-Beam Construction
Wall construction in whichbeams are supported by heavy posts rather than many smaller studs.
Post Level
Used to set and plumb posts and columns. It attaches to the post and displays level in two directions.
Power Drive Fastener
Designed specifically for use with power equipment. Usually uses a Phillips or hex screw head for better driving power.Includes a wide variety of special-purpose designs, including special fasteners for particleboard, cabinets, wood, masonry, drywall and decks.
Power Ventilator
Turbine vents that consist of a turbine mounted on a sheet metal cylinder. Installed like roof line vents along the face of the roof. When the wind blows, it spins the turbine, which in turn draws air up out of the attic.
Prefabrication
Construction of componentssuch as walls, trusses, or doors, before delivery to the building site.
Pull Saw
Similar to most traditional saws except the teeth are designed to cut with a pulling motion. Pull saws cut wood faster and with less effort because of the thinner and more flexible blade.

R

Rabbet
A groove cut in a board toreceive another board.
Radial Arm Saw
Uses a circular saw blade, but instead of the blade dropping onto the material, the saw moves across it along a track. It is used for a variety of cuts, including crosscuts, rips and miters. When used with accessories, the saw can perform dados, sanding, shaping, sabre sawing, surfacing and routing.
Radiant Heat
Coils of electricity, hotwater or steam pipes embedded in floors, ceilings, or walls to heatrooms.
Rafter
One of a series ofstructural roof members spanning from an exterior wall to a center ridge beamor ridge board.
Range Hood
Comes in many styles and is used to draw grease, heat, steam, smoke, odor and hazardous gasses away from the stove and out of the kitchen.
Ratchet (Socket) Wrench
Available in a variety of handle shapes and lengths and used with sockets to make turning nuts and bolts  easier than with a conventional wrench.
Ratcheting Screwdriver
Features a reversible ratchet mechanism in the handle that eliminates the need to grip and re-grip during the driving process. It usually comes with interchangeable tips.
Receptacle
Taps the electrical circuit to provide power at a given location. Available in flush- or surface-mounted designs. A single- or double-wipe contact refers to the area of the inserted prong where the contact is made.
Reflective Foil Insulation
Comes in long rolls of various widths. This type of insulation is most effective in reducing downward heat flow. Typically installed between roof rafters, floor joists or wall studs.
Reinforced Concrete
Concrete strengthened withwire or metal bars.
Retractable Saw
Comes in a variety of designs and is engineered for the blades to either retract or fold back into a plastic or wooden handle.
Ridge Pole
A thick longitudinal plank to which the ridge rafters of a roof areattached.
Ridge Vent
Vents exhaust from the attic and extends the life of the roof. Helps keep the attic cool and reduces air conditioning costs.
Rigid Insulation
Can be used on the interior or exterior of the house, or on basement walls. Usually comes in board form in a variety of sizes ranging from 8” squares to 4’ x 12’ sheets.
Rip Saw
Has large, chisel-shaped teeth, usually 5-1/2 teeth per inch, and is made to cut with the wood grain.This saw is best held at a 60º angle to the surface of the board being cut. The ripping action of the saw produces a coarse, ragged cut that makes the saw unsatisfactory for finish work.
Riser
The upright piece of astair step, from tread to tread.
Rivet
Securely fastens something that can be reached from just one side. It is used in metal, plastic and composite materials and is ideal for installing gutters and drop ceilings or repairing large appliances. Can have dome, countersunk and large flange head styles.
Rocker Switch
operates the same as a standard switch, but instead of a toggle, it operates with a rocker action.
Roller Spring Catch
Helps the cabinet door stay shut. This catch is available in single and double roller types.
Roll Insulation
Comes in continuous rolls that vary in width and thickness. Usually installed between open ceiling joists and wall studs. Has a vapor barrier that should be installed with the vapor barrier toward the interior or heated area.
Roll Roofing
Used on lower-slope roofs or as a supplement to shingles. Comes with either a smooth or mineral-covered surface on a heavy felt base that has been saturated with asphalt and then coated on both sides with more asphalt. Used on lower-slope roofs or as a supplement to shingles.
Roofing Nail
Has large heads and diamond points, is galvanized to resist corrosion and has a barbed shank for greater holding power.
Roof Louver
Used for bathroom fan exhausts, kitchen duct outlets and attic ventilation.
Roof Sheathing
Sheets, usually of plywood,which are nailed to the top edges of trusses or rafters to tie the rooftogether and support the roofing material.
Rotary Laser Level
Most units come with either a self leveling or manual leveling  base as well as floor and wall mounts. It is generally accurate to 1/4 ” at 100’ for manual leveling units and 1/8” at 100’ for self-leveling units

S

Sandwich Panel
A panel with plastic,paper, or other material enclosed between two layers of a differentmaterial.
Sash
The movable part of awindow-the frame in which panes of glass are set in a window or door.
Scotia
A concave molding.
Scroll Saw
Has a small, thin blade activated by a far-reaching arm that permits handling wide material. It's operated by an up-and-down motion of the blade at more than 1,000 cutting strokes per minute, cutting intricate patterns in wood, plywood, light metal and plastic.
Scuttle Hole
A small opening either tothe attic, to the crawl space or to the plumbing pipes.
Seepage Pit
A sewage disposal systemcomposed of a septic tank and a connected cesspool.
Self-Adjusting Pliers
Features an adjustable pivot with handles that allow compound movement.  They have deep teeth and curved jaws that stay parallel as the handles are squeezed and  are designed to provide additional leverage and gripping power.
Self-Tapping Concrete Screw
These are hardened steel screws designed to cut threads in pre-drilled holes. The head styles come in Phillips, flat or hex-washer. Typically used in poured concrete, concrete block or masonry.
Septic Tank
A sewage settling tank inwhich part of the sewage is converted into gas and sludge before the remainingwaste is discharged by gravity into a leaching bed underground.
Set Screw
Prevents bolts from loosening due to vibration and is used to secure wood together. This screw comes in a variety of types: the thumb screw type can be tightened by hand;  the headless set screws are tightened with a screwdriver; the square head set screws are tightened with a wrench; and the socket set screws are tightened with a hex wrench.
Shakes
Hand cut woodshingles.
Sheathing (See Wall Sheathing)
The first covering of boards or material on the outside wall orroof prior to installing the finished siding or roof covering.
Sheet Metal Screw
Fastens thin metal to thin metal. Its entire length is threaded and can have flat, oval, round or binding heads. Starting holes are either drilled or punched and should be slightly smaller than the screw diameter.
Screw Eye/Hook
A screw eye consists of screw thread at one end and a ring at the other, where as a screw hook consists of screw thread at one end and a hook at the other. They are used to hang tools or utensils or for holding them together.
Shim
Thin tapered piece of woodused for leveling or tightening a stair or other building element.
Shingler's Hammer
Drives roofing nails, assures proper shingle spacing, trims composition and fiberglass shingles. It typically includes a slotted, retractable cutting blade
Shingles
Pieces of wood, asbestos orother material used as an overlapping outer covering on walls or roofs.
Shiplap
Siding Boards of specialdesign nailed horizontally to vertical studs with or without interveningsheathing to form the exposed surface of outside walls of framebuildings.
Siding Nail
Used for applying residential wood lap siding to plywood or fiberboard sheathing.
Sill Plate
The lowest member of thehouse framing resting on top of the foundation wall. Also called the mudsill.
Single-Pole Switch
Controls power to lights and devices by turning off the hot side of the circuit. Mounted in an electrical box. Has two brass terminal screws. Controls current from one circuit from one point.
Skirtings
Narrow boards around themargin of a floor; baseboards.
Slab
Concrete floor placeddirectly on earth or a gravel base and usually about four inches thick.
Sledgehammer
Used for jobs where great force is required such as breaking up concrete or driving heavy spikes.
Sleeper
Strip of wood laid overconcrete floor to which the finished wood floor is nailed or glued.
Sliding Compound Miter Saw
Uses a circular blade that is pivoted and/or tilted to the correct angle, then dropped onto the material, which is clamped stationary on a plate. This saw also has a sliding action that allows it to cut wider material than a standard miter saw.
Sliding T-Bevel Square
Used for locating and transferring any angle between 0 to 360 degrees. It has a movable blade that can adjust to any angle by loosening and tightening wing nut or locking mechanism. Also used for bisecting angles for mitering when used with a compass.
Slip-Joint Pliers
General utility pliers with two jaw-opening size adjustments. They are used to tighten and loosen nuts and bolts and some have a shear-type wire cutter to cut small-gauge wire.
Socket Adapter
Screws into light sockets to adapt them for use as two outlets while keeping the function of a light socket.Also known as a current tap or socket switch.
Socket (Hinge Handle) Wrench
Combines an offset handle with a male drive piece that has a spring-loaded bearing to lock on various size sockets. They can be used at almost any angle since handles may be attached to the head by a jointed hinge device.
Soffit
The visible underwide of structural members such as staircases, cornices, beams, a roof overhang oreave.
Soffit Vent
An air intake on the soffit or eave. Helps balance the flow of air into the attic from the ridge vent.
Softwood
Easily worked wood or woodfrom a conebearing tree.
Soil Stack
Vertical plumbing pipe for waste water.
Spike & Ferrule
Used to hold a gutter to the eave of the roof. The spike is inserted through the ferrule. The ferrule helps hold the width of the gutter constant throughout the run.
Spiral-Ratchet Screwdriver
Also called a Yankee Screwdriver or Yankee Push Drill. It drills and removes screws using a ratchet mechanism similar to a push-pull drill, with the driving action provided by pushing straight down on the handle.
Splash Block
Diverts water away from the foundation of the house. Only works if the grade of soil is already pitched away from the house's foundation.
Spokeshave
Used for detailed shaping of curved work, such as chair legs and seats, as well as for chamfering edges. Replaceable cutters adjust for depth of cut and shaving thickness and are generally 10” in length.
Spring Clamp
Similar to a clothes pin, this clamp consists of two metal jaws to which clamping pressure is applied by use of a
steel spring.
Spring Hinge
Closes the door automatically.
Square Tip (Robertson) Screwdriver
Has a square tipped head to help grip the screw on all four sides to provide more torque. It rangea in sizes from 0 to 3 and jumbo and is popular with decking projects.
Standard Slotted Tip Screwdriver
 Used for driving and removing standard, slotted screws. The slots generally range in size from 1/6” to 1/4" and can have a square or round shank.
Star (Torx) Tip Screwdriver
Designed for use with star head screws and bolts to reduce slippage. Tips have six lobular drive surfaces to provide additional contact surface with the screw head.
Storm Window
Sometimes called combination windows because they combine the functions of storm and screen windows. Typically made of aluminum. Easy to install and usually attached directly to the exterior casing surrounding the window.
Stove Bolt
Used to hold light metals or wood. The heads can be flat, oval or round, are slotted for a screwdriver. Usually supplied with a nut and is intended for use with a nut.
Straight Snips
Also called regular snips. Cutting edges are sharpened at 78 degree to 85 degree angles.
Strap
Used to attach the gutter downspout to the side of the house
Strap Hinge
Specifically designed for surface applications that provides greater support for wide doors.
Strike
The metal plate the latch slides into is on the doorjamb or frame. All new locksets come with strikes, but some homeowners may want to replace them with high-security strikes or replace damaged ones.
Stringer
Along, horizontal member which connects uprights in a frame or supports a flooror the like. One of the enclosed sides of a stair supporting the treads andrisers.
Stud Finder
Stud finders are devices that help locate wall studs, enabling customers to hang pictures, mirrors and shelves securely. It comes in two basic types—electronic, which finds the stud by measuring the density of the wall, and magnetic, which detects nails and/or metal studs in the wall.
Studs
In wall framing, thevertical members to which horizontal pieces are nailed. Studs are spaced either16 inches or 24 inches apart.
Subfloor
Usually, plywood sheets that are nailed directly to the floorjoists and that receive the finish flooring.
Sump
A pit in the basement inwhich water collects to be pumped out with a sump pump.
Swale
A wide shallow depressionin the ground to form a channel for storm water drainage.

T

Table Tap
Also known as a plug-in strip or plug-in outlet adapter. Increases the number of outlets available at a single outlet.
T-Hinge
Shaped like the letter T. The vertical strap is secured to the frame while the horizontal strap is secured to the door.
Thin-Wall Conduit
Also known as EMT (electric metallic tubing).Steel pipe used to carry house wiring in places where it is exposed. Not used underground.
Three-Dimensional Asphalt Shingle
Also known as a laminated asphalt shingle, or architectural shingle. An inorganic shingle characterized by a more rugged texture than a standard three-tab shingle. Made of two or more layers that are laminated to create the three-dimensional look, giving it the appearance closer to wood or slate roofing.
Three-Way Switch
Controls power to lights and devices by turning off the hot side of the circuit. Mounted in an electrical box. Has three brass terminal screws. Controls one circuit from two separate points.
Tie
A wood member which binds apair of principal rafters at the bottom.
Tile Field
Open-joint drain tiles laidto distribute septic tank effluent over an absorption area or to providesubsoil drainage in wet areas.
Time Delay Fuse
Similar in appearance to a plug fuse. Provides a minimum time delay for small household motors that cause an electrical surge when started. That surge would cause a regular fuse to blow needlessly.
Thermostat Cable
Used in low-voltage control, alarm and communication systems. Most common types are braided, twisted and plastic-jacketed types. All three use solid copper conductors and are twisted and insulated with plastic.
Thin-Nose Pliers
Also called bent-nose pliers, since the nose is bent at about an 80-degree angle so it can be used to grip and force wire through odd angles or reach around objects.
Toenail
Driving nails at an angleinto corners or other joints.
Toggle Bolt
Used where the back of the wall is inaccessible. This bolt works on a spring principle. The holding arms open after the screw and holder are inserted into the hole, gripping the wall as the screw is tightened.
Tongue-And-Groove
Carpentry joint in which the jutting edge of one board fits into the grooved end of a similarboard.
Tongue-and-Groove Pliers
Good for gripping and applying limited torque to round, square, flat and hexagonal objects. Jaws may be straight, smooth or curved and sizes generally range from 4-1/2” to 20-1/4” in length.
Toolbox Saw
Also called Panel Saw or Short Cut Saw. Good for ripping, crosscutting and general cutting of lumber, plywood and particleboard and plastic materials.
Torpedo Level
Usually 9" long and 1” wide, it is used for obtaining readings in close quarters where a typical carpenter’s level won’t fit. Because of its compact size, mechanics, plumbers, electricians, hobbyists and homeowners often choose torpedo levels.
Torque Wrench
Designed to permit an operator to determine applied torque on bolts, nuts and other fasteners. Many torque wrenches are available with dual scales for conventional and metric measurements.
Track Lighting
A system of movable lights wired to a metal track that makes a great accent lighting choice for living rooms, bedrooms and dining rooms.
Trap
A bend in a water pipe tohold water so gases will not escape from the plumbing system into thehouse.
Tread
The horizontal part of a stair step.
Threaded Rod
Rod with continuous thread from one end to the other. Used where extra-long bolts are required and can be bent to make U-bolts, eye bolts and J-bolts.
Truss
A combination of structuralmembers usually arranged in triangular units to form a rigid framework forspanning between load-bearing walls.
Try Square
An L-shaped tool used as a guide for pencil markings of 90 degree cuts and to check the edges and ends of boards for squareness. Also used to determine whether a board is the same depth for its entire length.
Turnbuckle
Used to tighten wire or for bracing doors. Consists of a barrel-shaped metal device with a threaded rod inserted into each end. The rods have eyes at both ends, or some types have a hook on one end and an eye on the other.
Twin Light Adapter
Adapts a single light socket for a double light socket. Y shaped and holds bulbs at an angle from one another.
Type S Fuse
Also known as Fustats & trade; or Nontamperable. Similar in design and use to a plug fuse. However, it prevents anyone from replacing a lower-rated fuse with a higher one. Has two parts: the fuse and the adapter. The adapter has a different diameter for each fuse ampere rating. Once the adapter of a particular size fuse has been inserted into the fuse socket, it cannot be removed. Only fuses with the same rating can be used in that socket.

V

Vacuum Vise
Light-duty vise that has a lever-operated suction cup on the bottom to secure to tabletop or other work surface.
Valley
The depression at the meeting point of two roof slopes.
Vapor Barrier
Material such as paper,metal or paint which is used to prevent vapor from passing from rooms into theoutside walls.
Venetian Window
A window with one largefixed central pane and smaller panes at each side.
Vent Pipe
A pipe which allows gas toescape from plumbing systems.
Verge
The edge of tiles, slatesor shingles, projecting over the gable of a roof.
Vinyl Gasket Weather Strip
Weather stripping that cushions as it seals. Can be used in places with warping or irregularities.
V-Type Weather Strip
Once the door is closed, the open ends of the V shape close together, with one end of the V touching the door and the other adhered to the door. Forms an airtight seal.

W

Wainscoting
The lower three or four feet of an interior wall when lined withpaneling, tile or other material different from the rest of the wall.
Wall Box
Used for housing switches and receptacles. Made of metal or plastic and have the capability to be mounted to a wall or stud.
Wall Driller Anchor
For light-duty use on drywall. The fastener makes its own hole in the drywall. Do not use overhead.
Wall Plates
Also known as faceplates or covers. A flat metal, plastic or wooden piece that covers the openings in the wall made by receptacles and switches.
Wall Sheathing
Sheets of plywood, gypsumboard, or other material nailed to the outside face of studs as a base forexterior siding.
Washer
Small metal circles that provide a hard surface against which you tighten a screw. The washer matches the size of the screw it is being used with and comes in flat, countersunk or flush shapes.
Weatherproof Box
Also known as an outdoor box. Used for exterior switches or receptacles.
Weather Stripping
Metal, wood, plastic orother material installed around door and window openings to prevent airinfiltration.
Web Clamp
Also called band clamps, they apply even clamping pressure around irregular shapes or large objects to hold tight by means of a spring-loaded locking fixture.
Weep Hole
A small hole in a wallwhich permits water to drain off.
Welding Clamps
Also called Locking “C”-Clamp or welder’s pliers. A unique type of clamp ideal for holding work while welding.
Wire
Wire is grouped by gauge number, running from 0000 to No. 40. The smaller the number, the thicker the wire. For home use, the most common gauges are between 10 and 20.
Wire Brad & Tacks
Used for household jobs requiring small fasteners where heads will be concealed.
Wire Channels
Also known as raceway. Metal or plastic channels used to house wiring installed on the surface, instead of behind walls.
Wire Nuts
Used to connect the bare ends of two wires inside a box. At least two are required at every circuit connection.
Wire Strippers
Used for general-purpose wire cutting and stripping insulation from wire. Features adjustable stops to remove wire insulation without damaging conductors.
Wood Chisel
Comes in a variety of sizes and styles: butt chisel, firmer chisel, medium-duty chisel, and paring chisels.
Wood Screw
Usually made of unhardened steel, stainless steel, aluminum or brass. The threads on this screw run from the point along three-fourths of the length and heads are slotted.
Wood Shingle
Typically made of cedar, although composite wood shingles are available. Flat shape and a smooth texture.
Woodworking Vise
Has jaws made of wooden pads to hold work piece securely in place without marring surface of work piece.

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