How to Treat Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

Carbon monoxide is a tasteless, odorless, and colorless gas that is produced by the partial oxidation of carbon. The presence of carbon monoxide is very difficult to detect, which makes it more dangerous. It is highly toxic when inhaled, and can cause severe damage to the human body, and even lead to death. Carbon monoxide poisoning mostly occurs in enclosed spaces, in circumstances such as a gas leak or a house fire, and must be treated as soon as it is detected. A carbon monoxide detector is an important component of home safety.

Step 1 – Identify the Symptoms        

The symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are usually subtle, and difficult to recognize. The most common symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are difficulty in breathing, nausea, and headache. Due to the effect on the central nervous system, dizziness, confusion, lightheadedness, and inability to concentrate are also often seen. Most of the time, these symptoms are mistakenly identified as influenza or digestion problems such as gastroenteritis. Serious side effects can include hypertension, renal failure, and problems in seeing or hearing. A blood test is the only way carbon monoxide levels can be detected. It is vital that a person affected by carbon monoxide be taken out of the enclosed surroundings, as continued exposure can lead to brain damage or even death.  

Step 2 – Help the Patient On-Site

While carbon monoxide poisoning can only be treated in a hospital, you can do a lot to increase the chances of recovery by providing the initial treatment on-site. The first step is to increase oxygen availability. Try to move the affected person out of the house or building. If they are unconscious and you are unable to move them, open as many doors and windows as you can, and let in plenty of fresh air. Turn off all appliances that may contribute to the production of carbon monoxide. Call for help immediately, and get the affected person to the hospital. As you wait, you can use an oxygen mask to help the person breathe. While this is not a tool available in most homes, it can be vital in the preliminary stages of treatment. If the patient has lost consciousness, performing CPR (if you are properly trained) may be required.

Step 3 – Hospital Treatment and Follow-up

At the hospital, the patient will be given oxygen therapy, to remove carbon monoxide from the system, and to increase oxygen levels in the blood. A breathing machine is commonly used for this purpose. Severe cases may be treated by putting the patient in a hyperbaric chamber, which supplies oxygen under pressure and aids in faster recovery. After discharge from the hospital, the patient must be monitored for changes in behavior, such as depression, anxiety, and delirium. Any changes in vision or hearing, inability to co-ordinate, etc., must be immediately reported to the doctor. Pregnant women must continue treatment until any chances of harm to the fetus can be ruled out.