Raising Hyacinth Macaws

By Jane Grimshaw

The Hyacinth Macaw, Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus, is about 100 cms in length with a deep cobalt blue plumage, yellow rings around the eyes and yellow face patches. It has an enormous curved and sharply pointed bill and is the largest member of the parrot family. It can be found in various areas of Brazil, Eastern Bolivia and North Eastern Paraguay.

Macaws have few natural predators; man is their biggest threat. Parrots in general are the most threatened species of all the bird families, but macaws are among the most endangered with only around 3,000 Hyacinth Macaws left in the wild.

The wildlife trade and loss of habitat has contributed enormously to the decline of the Hyacinth Macaw. Their beautiful feathers are used to make decorative pieces to sell to tourists and their habitat is disappearing due to commercial logging and clearance for agriculture.

Habitat and Breeding

The Hyacinth Macaw lives in a wide variety of habitats, preferably near rivers or streams. They make their nests in cavities of large trees and in the side of cliffs. They mate for life and live in family groups that consist of the parents and their offspring. Around two eggs are laid at a time, after the rainy season has finished. The fledglings stay in the nest for some time, which is why Hyacinths only breed every other year.

Breeding Hyacinths and raising chicks in captivity is very difficult. Breeders often experience many infertile eggs, difficult hatchings and dying chicks. These continual problems have forced some breeders to give up and move on to species that are easier to breed, which has unfortunately reduced the availability of breeding pairs being offered for sale.

Matched pairs of Hyacinths need to have the correct conditions, if they are to be given a good chance of successful breeding. Large flight areas, free from predators, are required around the nest box. Ideal nesting boxes should be strong, easy to clean and not easily destroyed, so metal ones would be more preferable.

Hyacinths prefer a horizontal style nest box of around 45cm x 45cm x 90cm, with the entrance to the box being 25cm x 20cm and an inspection door of around 30cm x 17.5cm - larger boxes being equally as acceptable. Good solid perches should be positioned in suitable places in the flight area and, in particular, one in front of the nesting box.

Diet

In the wild, Hyacinths eat a variety of seeds, fruits from trees, vines and also clay. Its large bill is used to score and sheer nuts in two. They can open palm nuts so cleanly that the cut surfaces of the shell resemble a shell that has been opened with a metal cutter!

It is important that they get the correct diet in captivity, as Hyacinths are prone to vitamin D3 toxicity and protein poisoning. Unlike most members of the parrot family, Hyacinths need more fat, calcium and carbohydrates in their diet. Macadamia nuts are the best source of food as they have a high fat content. Alternatively, the oil from the nuts can be poured over food and offered in this way. Coconuts are also a good source of fat and filberts are high in calcium.

Other nuts can be offered, but it is best to use them sparingly as they do tend to cause other problems if fed in large quantities. Brazil nuts can be rancid inside, as can walnuts, so it is best to check them before feeding. Walnuts contain oils, which can cause pancreatitis, so some breeders never use these nuts at all. Almonds are high in calcium, but contain oxalic acid, which decreases the absorption of calcium. Pistachios make a good treat, as they are a good source of Vitamin A.

To compliment their diet of nuts, fruit and pellets, sweet potatoes and leafy greens should be fed to assist with their vitamin and mineral intake. A diet lacking in important nutrients can cause hens to lay soft-shelled eggs and even become egg bound.

Hyacinths as Pets

Macaws can live for up to 60 years and beyond. They have a very playful and active nature and are very affectionate, although they can be quite exuberant due to their large size. They are quite gentle birds and are known to be the most gentle of all the macaw species.

Hyacinths require a large amount of time and attention to keep them happy. Providing a variety of suitable toys will help to assist with this, especially when you are not around. They can be very vocal too, but their ability to talk is fairly poor, unlike African Greys and Amazons. Due to their size and incredible beak strength, they will require a large, very strong cage, preferably made of stainless steel.

These birds are very expensive to buy and you must ensure that your chosen bird has been bred in captivity. If you are passionate about owning one and are prepared to put in a great deal of time and commitment, for the right person, these beautiful birds can make very loving and rewarding pets.

© Doityourself.com 2006