Basement insulation

My wife and I purchased our first home a few months ago (existing place about 12 years). The other morning I noticed that the sheet rock along the baseboard /moulding near my front door looked damp. Upon closer inspection an inch or so of dry wall above the wall (extending about 3 feet away from front door) was indeed very damp – damp enough to press my finger straight through. It has rained a ton here lately by the way. I removed the moulding, cut a small hole in dry wall and removed some damp insulation to get a better look. After my investigation (and making the hole in my wall progressively larger – now 4’X5’) I was surprised how extensive the damage was. The 2X4’s that comprise the framing in this particular area were rotted, so rotted that I was able to remove most of the damaged wood by sucking it into my shop vac. I cut out the remaining boards (weren’t bearing weight anyway) and screwed in new pressure treated lumber using steel plates to connect the new wood to the existing undamaged wood. This area now looks very solid. I have located and addressed sources of moisture. I installed some gutters (my first DIY project) repaired some flashing on my roof, did some caulking (especially around an exterior electrical outlet) etc. It has subsequently rained and I’m pretty confident I’ve got everything sewn up on that front. I’ve also looked around the rest of the house, knocked some more holes in the dry wall, and determined that my moisture problem was limited to this particular area. Now my question is putting all of this back together again. When the house was built, all that was between the framing and the brick veneer was cheap looking black paper material. Obviously in this area it was completely degraded. Now I’d like to install some foam board rigid insulation material. (I’m thinking this will do a better job of keeping moisture out) Here’s the catch, I don’t want to take the brick veneer down to nail it to the outside of the framing. That’s way beyond my ability to do myself and I can’t afford to have someone else do it. And another catch: I don’t want to install this material all the way to the ceiling (which is very high by the way – 16 feet or so up to the second story) I just want to do a “band-aid” job in this localized area. After I get that foam board in, I will install fresh installation, dry wall and then hopefully I’m done. But I thought before I do this I’d get some input and suggestions. What’s the best way to get that foam board in there? How can I affix it to the 2X4’s w/o going through the brick veneer? Am I crazy just to apply it to this localized area w/o going all the way to ceiling? Anything else I should know? Any particular materials I should use? If you can’t tell I’m not very handy – just learning as I go. And since we just bought the place we don’t have a ton of cash lying around for this – especially around Christmas. Thank you very much.

We have a 1920s bungalow with an enclosed front porch. Actually from what I've learned from some of the neighbors who knew the original owner, it was never actually a porch because it served as his barber shop. Anyhow, we would like to use the room comfortably year round but it is quite chilly. The outside walls have windows all around. I would like to add insulation to the crawl spaces underneath to hopefully make it a bit warmer. The insulation there now is starting to come down. Do I need to take the old insulation out before adding new or can I apply over the old? If I apply over the old, would I apply the paper side up so that I can still see the fiberglass? We use the crawl spaces to store lawn/garden equip and would still like to do so which is why I haven't really considered blown in insulation. I would like the rigid foam insulation but the r-value isn't as high as I would like. Suggestions? Thanks for your help. These forums are fantastic. So many questions, so little knowledge.